Which type of RNAV uses signals from ground stations to determine position?

In determining the type of RNAV (Area Navigation) that utilizes signals from ground stations to establish position, it’s important to note that both VOR/DME RNAV and DME/DME RNAV specifically rely on signals from ground-based navigation aids.

VOR/DME RNAV combines signals from VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) stations and DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) to ascertain the aircraft's position by using the radial from the VOR and the distance from the DME. This system is effective in providing accurate positioning based on ground station data.

DME/DME RNAV uses signals from multiple DME ground stations to triangulate the aircraft's position with enhanced accuracy. It calculates the aircraft's position using distance information obtained from two or more DME stations, ensuring reliability in position fixing.

While IRU/IRS RNAV (Inertial Reference Unit/Inertial Navigation System) does not depend on ground stations but uses inertial sensors to calculate position based on the last known position, the other methods demonstrate the reliance on ground stations.

Therefore, the choice indicating that all described types of RNAV utilize signals from ground stations is correct, as VOR/DME and DME/DME RNAV clearly do employ