Which instrument approach provides both lateral and vertical course guidance?

The instrument approach that provides both lateral and vertical course guidance is the Instrument Landing System (ILS). ILS is a highly precise approach system used in aviation to assist pilots during the landing phase of an aircraft. It consists of two primary components: the localizer, which provides lateral guidance by indicating the aircraft's position relative to the runway centerline, and the glide slope, which gives vertical guidance to ensure that the aircraft descends at the correct angle towards the runway.

Using ILS, pilots receive continuous updates about their approach path, which is vital for safe landings, especially in low visibility conditions. The combination of both lateral and vertical guidance makes ILS a critical system for airports that accommodate commercial flight operations, adding a layer of safety and accuracy to landings.